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Pécs (; known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya County. Pécs is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs. The city ''Sopianae'' was founded by Romans at the beginning of the 2nd century, in an area peopled by Celts and Pannoni tribes. By the 4th century, it became the capital of Valeria province and a significant early Christian center. The early Christian necropolis is from this era which became an UNESCO World Heritage Site in December 2000.〔(A világörökség része )〕 Its episcopate was founded in 1009 by Steven I, and the first university in Hungary was founded in Pécs in 1367 by Louis I the Great. (The largest university still resides in Pécs with about 34,000 students).〔(www.okm.gov.hu, Oktatási és Kulturális Minisztérium oldala, Az Oktatási Évkönyv 2008/2009 letölthető PDF-formátumban. )〕 Pécs was formed into one of the cultural and arts center of the country by bishop Janus Pannonius, great humanist poet.〔(Pécs kulturális központ )〕 Pécs has a rich heritage from the age of a 150-year-long Ottoman occupation, like the mosque of Pasha Qasim the Victorious on Széchenyi square. Pécs always was a multicultural city where many cultural layers are encrusted melting different values of the history of two thousand years. Hungarians, Croatians and Swabians still live in peace together in economic and cultural polarity. In 1998 Pécs was given the UNESCO prize ''Cities for peace'' for maintaining the cultures of the minorities, and also for its tolerant and helping attitude toward refugees of the Balkan Wars.〔(www.hetek.hu, 1998. 04. 04. (II/14), HOFFMANN ZSOLT - Pécs, a toleráns város )〕 In 2007 Pécs was third, in 2008 it was second ''Livable city'' (The LivCom Awards)〔(www.livcomawards.com, Official site of LivCom awards )〕 in the category of cities between 75,000 and 200,000 inhabitants.〔(www.ddrkh.hu, 2008. november 12. - Pécs második lett az Élhető Települések döntőjében )〕 In 2010, Pécs was selected to be the European Capital of Culture sharing the title together with Essen and Istanbul. The city's motto is: "The Borderless City". After receiving the title major renewal started in the city.〔(www.pbkik.hu, 2007. március 30., péntek, Szabó Ágnes - Élményfürdő, újabb négycsillagos szállodák Pécsett, olvasva: 2009.12.18. )〕〔(www.bama.hu, 2008. február 22., Kaszás E. - Már építik a pécsi Búza téren a Corsót, olvasva: 2009.12.18. )〕 Renewed public places, streets, squares and neighbourhoods, new cultural centers, a concert hall, a new library and center and a cultural quarter were designed.〔(www.peh.hu, Elindult a Sopianae-terv, épül a Déli Ipari Park )〕〔(áramlik a tőke www.origo.hu, 2008. 07. 17. - Pécsre áramlik a tőke )〕 == Name == The earliest name for the territory was its Roman name of ''Sopianæ''. The name possibly comes from the plural of the Celtic ''sop'' meaning "marsh". Contrary to the popular belief, the name did not signify a single city (Sopian''ae'': plural), and there are no traces of an encircling wall from the early Roman era, only from the 4th century. The medieval city was first mentioned in 871 under the name ''Quinque Basilicae'' ("five cathedrals".) The name refers to the fact that when constructing the churches of the city, the builders used material from five old Christian chapels. In later Latin documents the city was mentioned as ''Quinque Ecclesiae'' ("five churches", a name identical in meaning to the German name ''Fünfkirchen'' and the Slovak name ''Päťkostolie''.) The name ''Pécs'' appears in documents in 1235 in the word ''Pechyut'' (with modern spelling: ''pécsi út'', means "road to/from Pécs"). In Turkish "beş" (pronounced (:beʃ)) means 5. The name is first recorded after the Mongol invasion of Europe. In other languages: in Latin, ''Quinque Ecclesiae''; in Croatian, ''Pečuh''; in Serbian, ''Печуј / Pečuj''; in Slovak, ''Päťkostolie''; in Czech, "Pětikostelí"; and in German, ''Fünfkirchen''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pécs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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